Crimes of Communism...

Reading these two words, I have mixed feelings. Communism is not a person, but only persons, not ideologies, not political philosophies or religions can commit crimes. But political philosophies, ideologies and religions can be used to justify crimes, even mass murders or genocide. This is in no way a privilege of Communism. Hideous crimes have been and are committed in the name of Christianity, Islam and love of one's Fatherland. These crimes should be revealed, and their perpetrators found and made account for their deeds. The many means we use to justify our lack of humanity should be made subject of serious sociological, historical, psychological study. But I cannot agree with the idea that as ideologies, Communism and Nazism are equally evil, that there is no essential difference between them. In my view, Communism is one of many messianistic ideologies, inheritors of Zoroastrian-Christian eschatological vision of a coming last struggle between the forces of evil and good, a struggle necessary for the coming of a brave new world of egality, justice and happiness. Nazism is an ideology that basically denies the existence of good and evil, and considers absence of empathy and humanness not only necessary in some limited period, but essentially good. In Nazism, evil is good and good is evil. In Communism, evil is necessary evil to achieve universal good. Here we see a difference between ends and means, it is an important difference. Although we must keep in mind that for people who had been submitted to ordeals by Nazis or Communists, this difference was not essential, what was essential was their suffering. Here, we should ask whether the ideology that was used as a pretext for causing this suffering really could justify it or not. I see no reason to see a direct and necessary link between the political philosophy of Marx and the GULAG, although many publicists want to see such a link. But in any case I see a clear link between Mein Kampf and Auschwitz.

Once again...

A quotation from the Stratfor analysis of Vice-President Biden's hawkish performances in Eastern Europe:

"The United States has effectively given Moscow notice that it intends to actively push against its entire periphery and that it intends to conscript the Central European members of NATO as its foot soldiers."

Many politicians here are happy: the Big Brother encourages us to tease the Russian bear. I am not relieved. I think geography is still more important than political constellations. Estonians have already some experience in being foot soldiers of foreign powers. We should take care. Take care. Once more Sinimäed, and there will be no Estonian people capable of maintaining its own state, its own culture...

What guarantees our security

I wonder in what a world live our president Ilves and our former prime minister Laar. The former launches a passionate appeal to NATO to conduct military exercices in the Baltic states, the latter says that the European report on the causes of Russian-Georgian August war was flawed falsely accusing Georgia of initiating the conflict. I think that teasing the Russian bear is not the most intelligent thing an Estonian politician can do. Declaring that the enemies of Russia are nearly automatically our friends and allies is not an example of political wisdom. We must ask why do the Russians not react more aggressively to such militant rhetoric. Because Estonia is a member of NATO, is the common answer, and most people seem really to believe it. I don't. I think that the Russians are pragmatic, and the main reason for their moderation is just the fact that they do not consider Estonia to be a military threat. Although St Petersburg is only about 200 kilometres from Estonian border, the Estonian armed forces as well as the armed forces of our two Baltic neighbours are not something to be taken seriously. So far, NATO is not much of a presence here, and Russians have more important concerns elsewhere. Thus, our security is better guaranteed by the absence of NATO forces than any military exercices on our soil. Any real military moves in the Baltic region would change the situation, and in no sense increase our security. Let's hope there will be no US or NATO bases here. My sources indicate that the red line for the West lies in the Botnia bay, not further East. And our politicians should perhaps try to compare the developments in the Caucasian and Central Asian region with the "Big Game" between Britain and Russia a hundred years ago. We have no reason to rush into the big games of big powers for the domination of oil, gas and pipeline regions.

Religious threats

I often think that the US and some other politicians have made a big mistake in using religious movements to combat communists and leftists, specifically, of course, the Soviet Union. SU was a power one could deal with, and was evolving toward becoming more liberal and pragmatic. In fact, the distance from Stalin to Gorbachev is as big as the distance from Robespierre to Clémenceau. It is hard to say how much this fast evolution was influenced and accelerated by the pressure put upon the Soviets by the US. I suppose that in the mid-forties it helped Stalin to become more Stalinist, and to relaunch fierce repressions, but after the death of the dictator, the leaders in Moscow were determined to find a modus vivendi with the West. It was a view shared by Khrushchev as well as by his arch-rival Beria. To a great extent, the necessity to reform and to liberalize was dictated by the situation in the country itself, the fast evolution was dictated by the weaknesses of the system. A state of emergency cannot last forever, people must either be given a chance to live a normal life, or to give a motivation, an ideal in the name of which to suffer. Communism was not such an ideal, it was losing its appeal in one or at best in two generations. With religious ideals its different: here, people can be motivated and manipulated to suffer endlessly in the name of some holy virtues or an afterlife in paradise. Religious fanaticism can be, and often is, much more tenacious than communist or fascist one. Communism is dead in the SU, in Afghanistan, in South Yemen, but the islamic extremism is there, and shows little signs of becoming more moderate. Partly, it is the creation of the Americans, as Al-Qa'ida. In the Near East, HAMAS has been nurtured by the Israelis for whom the OLP seemed extremist and impossible to negotiate with. History proved that Arafat was more flexible than the HAMAS, although the Israelis realized it too late. Now, both the Americans and the Israelis have enemies they don't know well how to deal with. The wait-and-see tactic of containment partly unwillingly adopted during the confrontation with the USSR has no guarantees of success: enemies motivated by Islam are much more tenacious than the Communists. And making serious war to them cannot be very successful because it threatens both the Western standard of life and the Western values. Neither the Americans nor Europeans are ready for an armed conflict lasting for several generations. The Islamists are. And the Islamists are not as much restricted by rules and regulations adopted by the Western world. There has been a big outcry about the Guantanamo prison, but we must remember that in Guantanamo prisoners' throats were not cut...

United States of Europe...

This dream of the people who initiated the process of European integration is still far from becoming reality. But for us in the Baltics it would be a real guarantee of our security and a stable development. We should adopt an explicitly Federalist policy. It's an illusion to think that Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania can be really independant and secure. If we prefer independance to security, we lose both. Being a state in the European Federation would still give us enough power to keep our house in order. We cannot expect to have more.

Государство второго сорта?

Президент Обама и высокие чины его администрации заявили, что откажутся от размещения элементов системы противоракетной обороны в Чехии и Польше. Это заявление вызвало некоторое замешательство в Восточной и Центральной Европе, и скоро президент и его подчиненные заявили, что это решение никак не связано желанием получить поддержку России в противостоянии с Ираном. Этому трудно верить, отказ от СПРО сопровождался заявлениями (с таковым выступил например официальный глава НАТО Фог Расмуссен) о том, что Запад должен принимать во внимание стратегические интересы России итп. Если уж Россия и его испуганные соседи воспринимают шаг США как жест доброй воли в сторону Кремля, это так и есть. Мыслящие люди это понимают и об этом говорят и пишут. В польской прессе обсуждают решение США и его последствия. Это значит, что в Польше существует минимальная масса таких мыслящих, способных свободно обсуждать болезненные вопросы людей. Как в Эстонии? Боюсь (и имею основания бояться), что у нас ограничатся воспроизведением утешительных заявлений зарубежных политиков и такими же утешительными комментариями наших же политиков и т.н. аналитиков. Настоящей дискуссии не будет. Самые злободневные и важные вопросы внешней политики и безопасности у нас открыто и честно не обсуждаются. У нас слишком мало мыслящей интеллигенции и слишком много табу, связанных с вопросами безопасности, прежде всего с нашими отношениями с Россией. Россия у нас скорее вопрос веры, а не разума. Государство где отсутствует критическая масса вольнодумцев, людей, не соблюдающих интеллектуальных табу и всеобщей политкорректности не что иное как государство второго сорта. Скоро мы увидим, так ли это в самом деле.

Kirjailija ja kieli

Uuden kielilain esitys, oikeammin vasta kaava on synnyttänyt paljon vastustusta Virossa, mutta hämmästystä Suomessa. Minua on kaksi kerta haastateltu, kerran Yleisradion puolesta, kerran Suomen Kuvalehdestä. Suomalaiset eivät ymmärrä, miksi pitäisi puolustaa kieltämme lain keinoilla. Vielä enemmän hämmästystä on synnyttänyt meidän kustantamojen toimittajien tapa "korjata", muuttaa kirjailijan kielenkäyttöä. He eivät pysty kuvittelemaan, että Suomessa toimittaja muuttaisi esimerkiksi Hannu Mäkelän tai Antti Tuurin kieltä. Taas yksi ero Suomen ja Viron välillä. Suomessa kieli on todella kansan kieli, kielenkäyttö on demokraattinen, presidentti Halonenkin käyttää tavallista puhekieltä, sanoen "mä oon kirjottanu". Meillä kielenkäyttö on sensuroitu, kielestä pidetään huolta auktoritaarisin keinoin, on jopa olemassa kielipoliisi (keeleinspektsioon). Jos sanon, että meillä toimii kielisensuuri, toistan vain, mitä on sanonut aikoinaan tunnettu virolaissyntyinen kielitieteilija Valter Tauli, joka totesi, että ennen sota Virossa oli kielisensuuri. Suhtautuminen kieleen, neuroottinen ponnistus sen "puhtauden" hoitamiseksi on merkki jonkinlaisesta häiriöstä, pelosta virolaisessa psyykessä. Virolainen pikkuporvari taistelee kaikkea luonnollista, villiä vastaan, se tulee ilmi myös meidän puutarha- ja puistokulttuurissa, joka erottuu suomalaisesta. Meillä haluaa poliisi poistaa puistoista pensaat, koska niiden varjossa piileskelevät "asosiaalit", pensaat suosivat rikollisuutta. Näin olen kirjoitellut paljon kahdesta asiasta -- kielestä ja puistoista, puolustaen luonnonomaisuutta, villiyttä. Välillä muistaen poismenneen virolais-ruotsalaisen runoilijan Ivar Grünthalin rivejä:
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